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本文将介绍如何使用 Percona XtraBackup 2.0.7 对 MySQL 数据进行备份，并提供还原数据的完整步骤。
Percona XtraBackup 是一款专门用于 MySQL 数据备份的开源工具。它支持全量备份和增量备份，具体操作如下：
innobackupex --user=root --port=3306 --host=127.0.0.1 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --stream=tar /usr/local/backup |gzip > 127.0.0.1_3306.tar.gz
--user：指定数据库用户，默认为 root。--port：指定数据库监听地址，默认为 3306。--host：指定数据库主机地址，默认为 127.0.0.1。--defaults-file：指定默认配置文件路径，默认为 /etc/my.cnf。--stream：将备份文件直接输出到标准输出流。|gzip：对备份文件进行压缩，提升传输效率。> 127.0.0.1_3306.tar.gz：将压缩后的文件保存为指定文件名。在多实例环境中，备份命令如下：
innobackupex --user=root --port=3306 --host=127.0.0.1 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --stream=tar /usr/local/hero_all_backup/
--socket：指定 socket 文件路径。--default-file：指定默认配置文件路径。--apply-log：在备份目录中启动 MySQL 服务。--copy-back：从备份目录中拷贝数据、索引和日志。/etc/init.d/mysqld stop
mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql_bak
mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql
--apply-log 进行还原innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --apply-log /home/tank/backup/2014-09-18_16-35-12
--copy-back 进行数据恢复innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --copy-back /home/tank/backup/2014-09-18_16-35-12
chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
提供一个自动化脚本，支持全量备份和增量备份：
#!/bin/bash# 脚本版本 V1.1# 作者: jchen#备份天数：3天#等待时间：60秒source /etc/profileDBIP="127.0.0.1"DBUSER="dbaroot"DBPWD="root"DATE=`date +%F_%H-%M`Hour=$(date +%H)PORT=$(netstat -tunlp | grep mysql | awk '{print $4}' | awk -F: '{print $2}')MYCNF="/etc/my.cnf"LOG_FILE="/home/msbakscript/logs/xtrabackup.log"BACKUP_PATH="/usr/local/hero_all_backup"MYSQL_LOG="/home/msbakscript/logs/mysql.log"INNOBACKUPEX="/usr/bin/innobackupex"bak_log="/home/msbakscript/logs/mysqlbak.log"MYSQL_PATH="/usr/local/mysql/var"HOST=$(awk -F= '/IPADDR=/ {print $2}' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1)CHECKPOINT=$(awk '/to_lsn/ {print $3}' /usr/local/hero_all_backup/xtrabackup_checkpoints 2>/dev/null)all_bak="{$HOST}_{$DATE}"increase_bak="{$HOST}_{$DATE}-increase"if [ $# -eq 0 || $# -eq 1 || $# -eq 2 ]; then echo "OK" > /dev/nullelse echo "sh $0 allbakfile 或者 sh $0 allbakfile incbakfile" exit 1fi[ ! -d ${BACKUP_PATH} ] && mkdir -p ${BACKUP_PATH}[ ! -d /home/msbakscript/logs ] && mkdir -p /home/msbakscript/logsif [ -z "`/sbin/pidof -s mysqld`" ]; then echo "mysqld is not running" exit 1fiif [ `rpm -qa | grep -c xtrabackup-0.9-2.rhel4` -eq 1 ]; then rpm -e xtrabackup-0.9-2.rhel4fiif [ ! -f /usr/bin/innobackupex ]; then echo "xtrabackup is not installed" rpm -i --nodeps http://122.228.194.133:8080/percona-xtrabackup-2.0.7-552.rhel5.x86_64.rpmelif [ -f /usr/bin/innobackupex ] && [ `ps -ef | grep -v grep | grep -c /usr/bin/innobackupex` -ge 1 ]; then echo "xtrabackup process already exist." exit 1ficomplete_bak() { cd ${BACKUP_PATH} ${INNOBACKUPEX} --user=${DBUSER} --password=${DBPWD} --port=${PORT} --host=${DBIP} --defaults-file=${MYCNF} --stream=tar ${BACKUP_PATH}/ 2>>${LOG_FILE} |gzip >${BACKUP_PATH}/${all_bak}_${PORT}.tar.gz if [ $? -eq 0 ] && [ `tail -10 "${LOG_FILE}" | grep -ic "completed OK"` -eq 1 ]; then tar zxvfi ${BACKUP_PATH}/${all_bak}_${PORT}.tar.gz xtrabackup_checkpoints echo "${all_bak}_${PORT}.tar.gz backup successed" >>${bak_log} echo -en "ok\n${all_bak}_${PORT}.tar.gz" >>${MYSQL_LOG} sh /home/msbakscript/redis_backup.sh chown nobody.nobody * else echo "${all_bak}_${PORT}.tar.gz backup failed" >>${bak_log} echo -e "failure\n${all_bak}_${PORT}.tar.gz" >>${MYSQL_LOG} exit 1 fi}complete_bakincrease_bak() { cd ${BACKUP_PATH} if [ ! -f ${BACKUP_PATH}/xtrabackup_checkpoints -o -z ${BACKUP_PATH}/xtrabackup_checkpoints ]; then echo "xtrabackup_checkpoints does not exist" >>${LOG_FILE} complete_bak exit 0 fi ${INNOBACKUPEX} --user=${DBUSER} --password=${DBPWD} --port=${PORT} --host=${DBIP} --defaults-file=${MYCNF} --no-timestamp --incremental --throttle=30 ${BACKUP_PATH}/${increase_bak}_${PORT} --incremental-lsn=${CHECKPOINT} >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 0 ] && [ `tail -10 "${LOG_FILE}" | grep -ic "completed OK"` -eq 1 ]; then tar zcfi ${increase_bak}_${PORT}.tar.gz ${increase_bak}/ rm -rf ${increase_bak}_${PORT} echo "${increase_bak}_${PORT}.tar.gz backup successed" >>${bak_log} echo -e "ok\n${increase_bak}_${PORT}.tar.gz" >>${MYSQL_LOG} else echo "${increase_bak}_${PORT} backup failed" >>${bak_log} echo -e "failure\n${increase_bak}_${PORT}.tar.gz" >>${MYSQL_LOG} exit 1 fi}increase_bakdel_bakfile() { for dbfile in `find "${BACKUP_PATH}/" -name "[0-9]*.tar.gz" -type f -mtime +${DAY}`; do rm -f ${dbfile} done}del_bakfilebakmysql() { for i in ${exclude_time[@]}; do [ "${Hour}" -eq "$i" ] && exit 0 done if [ "${Hour}" -eq "${default_time}" ]; then complete_bak elif [ "${Hour}" -ne "${default_time}" -a ${open_increase_bak} -eq 0 ]; then increase_bak else exit 0 fi}bakmysql() { case $# in 0) bakmysql del_bakfile ;; 1) if [ "$1" = "all" ]; then complete_bak del_bakfile elif [ "$1" = "inc" ]; then increase_bak del_bakfile else echo "sh $0 all 或者 sh $0 inc" && exit 0 fi ;; esac}# 执行备份bakmysql 转载地址：http://kebfk.baihongyu.com/